In the Practitioner edition these are Index, Book, Find, Case, Analysis and Materia Medica. The default order in which remedies are printed, is alphabetic. The easiest way is to export a full copy of your case database on one computer, and import it. If you enter a value here, the export file is protected by a password.
Techrepublic cheat sheet.Some of the projects that use MD5 as the default method for storing user passwords include WordPress, osCommerce, SuiteCRM, miniBB, SugarCRM, CMS Made Simple, MantisBT, Phorum, Observium, and X3cms.This means that unless website owners changed these default settings by modifying the CMS source code, most websites built on top of these CMSs puts user passwords at risk in the case a hacker steals the site's database. Study on default password hashing schemesThis revelation is just one of the many observations that came out of an extensive academic research project at the University of Piraeus, in Greece.Academics examined 49 commonly used CMSs and 47 popular web application frameworks and looked at their default password storage mechanism, namely their password hashing schemes. The core parameter of a hashing scheme is the employed hash function. This is where terms like MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512, PBKDF2, BCRYPT, SCRYPT, or Argon2 all fall in.Second is the number of iterations a hashing function is applied to a cleartext password. The larger the iterations, the harder it gets for an attacker to reverse the algorithm by requiring a large amount of computational power.Third, the salt string is an optional parameter in hashing schemes that are used together with the hashing function to produce even more random results.
When a salt string is used, an attacker must know both the password and the salt string before attempting to reverse a hashed password. This protects site databases against blind password-guessing attacks, but not against situations where attackers also steal users' salt strings.It's because of this carefully balanved system that websites, web, mobile, and any other application must use a strong password pashing system to safeguard user data.Currently, weak are considered hashing functions that have been already broken, like MD5 and SHA1, while strong are highly-complex and newer systems like BCRYPT, SCRYPT, and Argon2. CMS analysisBut the reality is that most CMS projects and coding frameworks aren't always designed with security in mind.The University of Piraeus research team found that nearly 60% of the tested CMS used a weak hashing function (like MD5 or SHA1), or hashing functions like SHA256, SHA512, PBKDF2, which 'can be highly parallelized with GPU hardware, making password guessing attacks easier.' Of the CMS projects that used an MHF (memory hard function), all used BCRYPT. This accounted for 40.82%, including big names like Joomla, phpBB, Vanilla Forums, vBulletin, and SilverStripe.No CMS project used SCRYPT or Argon2. The research team argued that the reason nobody used SCRYPT was because there was no native PHP library available, meaning that most CMS projects - which are coded mostly in PHP - couldn't support it in their code.Second, Argon2 was only recently added in the PHP 7.2 release, and it might take a while before it gains widespread adoption, as more servers move from the older PHP 5.x branch to the newer 7.x.Image: Ntantogian et al.In addition, the usage of salt wasn't 100% widespread as one might expect.
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